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Family:
Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin and melon family) Life
> eukaryotes >
Archaeoplastida >
Chloroplastida
>
Charophyta > Streptophytina > Plantae (land plants)
> Tracheophyta (vascular plants) > Euphyllophyta > Lignophyta (woody plants)
> Spermatophyta (seed plants) > Angiospermae (flowering plants)
> Eudicotyledons > Core Eudicots > Rosids > Eurosid I
> Order: Cucurbitales
There are about 118 genera and 845 species of
Cucurbitaceae worldwide, with 18 genera and 72 species native to
southern Africa, a further one genus and two species that are
naturalised, and a further six genera and 14 species that are cultivated
in the region. Some well known vegetables fall in this family such as
Watermelon,
Hubbard Squash,
Butternut,
Pumpkin, sweet
melons and Cucumber.
Genera native to southern Africa
List from Welman (2000).
Acanthosicyos
(nara genus) The 2
species have an African distribution and both occur in southern Africa. |
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Citrullus
Four species,
native to from Africa through to Asia with 3 species in southern Africa.
Watermelon is a domesticated form of Citrullus
lanatus which has a wide distribution from Asia through to Africa
where it is found in the Kalahari and called Tsamma. |
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Coccinia
About 30 species,
29 of which are only found in Africa, and one with a wider distribution in
the Old World. Seven species are native to southern Africa. |
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Corallocarpus
About 15
species, native to the Old World tropics but mainly in Africa. There are
seven
species native to southern Africa. |
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Ctenolepis
The 2 species
occur in the Old World tropics, with one of them, Ctenolepis
cerasiformis, having a distribution that extends into southern Africa
(northern Botswana and Mpumalanga). |
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Cucumella
The 11 species
are mainly found in Africa, but the genus also occurs in Asia. There are
four
species native to southern Africa. |
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Cucumis
The 32 species are
mainly found in Africa but also in Asia and Australia. There are 14
species native to southern Africa and a further four species that are
cultivated in the region. This genus includes muskmelons, wintermelons, spaanspek (all domesticated forms of Cucumis melo),
cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and
gherkins (Cucumis anguria - although
almost all so-called gherkins sold in shops are in fact baby cucumbers). |
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Cyclantheropsis
Two of the
3 species are found in Africa and 1 in Madagascar. The only species found
in southern Africa is Cyclantheropsis parviflora. |
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Dactyliandra
Two species,
native to Africa and India, with 1 species,
Dactyliandra
welwitschii, in southern Africa (Namibia). |
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Gerrardanthus
Five
species, native to Africa, with 2 species in southern Africa. |
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Kedrostis
About 25
species, native to the Old World tropics, with nine species native to southern
Africa. |
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Lagenaria
About 6 species,
mainly in tropical Africa, with two species native to southern Africa. |
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Momordica
About 40
species, native to the Old World with most of the species in the African
tropics. There are eight species native to southern Africa and another one
that is naturalised in the region. |
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Mukia
Four species,
found in the tropics of the Old World with one of them, Mukia
maderaspatana, native to southern Africa. |
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Oreosyce
One species, Oreosyce
africana, native to Africa and Madagascar, its distribution extending
into southern Africa. |
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Peponium
About 20
species, native to Africa, Madagascar, Aldabra and Seychelles, with two
species native to southern Africa. |
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Trochomeria
Eight species, native to Africa, with four species native to southern Africa. |
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Zehneria
About 30 species,
native from Africa to the East Indies and Australia, with three species
native to
southern Africa. |
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Genera naturalised in southern Africa
List from
Plants
of Southern Africa - an Online Checklist (SANBI).
Diplocyclos
One species naturalised: Diplocyclos palmatus (Native bryony). |
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Other genera, cultivated in southern Africa
List from Glen (2002).
Telfairia pedata (Oyster nut,
Kweme)
Native to tropical Africa. |
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Luffa
Two species cultivated: Luffa acutangula, native to Pakistan, and
Luffa aegyptiaca (Loofah), native to tropical Africa and Asia. |
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Bryonia
Two species cultivated: Bryonia alba, native from Europe to
Turkestan, and Bryonia dioica (White bryony), native from Europe to
western Asia. |
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Ecballium elaterium (Squirting
cucumber)
Native from Europe and, North Africa through to the Caucasus. When ripe, the
fruit (which is poisonous) squirts out a mucilaginous liquid that contains
the seeds, hence the common name. |
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Cucurbita
(pumpkin, squash, marrow genus)
About 27 species, native to the warmer regions of the Americas. Three
well-known, domesticated vegetable species are in this genus and cultivated
in southern Africa, namely Cucurbita
maxima (Hubbard Squash and others), Cucurbita
moschata (Butternut) and
Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin,
Gem Squash, Marrow, Courgette) |
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Sechium edule (Susu, Chayote, Christophine, Chow chow)
Has a pantropical distribution. |
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Publications
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Glen, H.F. 2002. Cultivated plants of
southern Africa. Jacana, Johannesburg.
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Jeffrey, C. 1967. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Cucurbitaceae:
1-156.
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Jeffrey, C. 1975. Further notes on
Cucurbitaceae 3. Kew Bulletin 30: 485-491.
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Jeffrey, C. 1978. Cucurbitaceae. Flora
Zambesiaca 4: 414-499.
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Launert, E. & Roessler, H. 1968.
Cucurbitaceae. Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika 94: 1-22.
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Meeuse, A.D.J. 1962. The Cucurbitaceae of
southern Africa. Bothalia 8: 1-111.
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Welman, W.G. 2000. Cucurbitaceae. In: Seed Plants of
Southern Africa (ed. O.A. Leistner). Strelitzia 10: 237-241.
National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
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